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superficially (other)

  • 1 superficially

    1. поверхностно; на первый взгляд; внешне
    2. поверхностность
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. perfunctorily (other) cursorily; perfunctorily; shallowly; sketchily; uncritically
    2. seemingly (other) apparently; evidently; officially; ostensibly; outwardly; professedly; seemingly

    English-Russian base dictionary > superficially

  • 2 perfunctorily

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. automatically (other) automatically; mechanically; mindlessly; unconsciously; unthinkingly
    2. superficially (other) shallowly; sketchily; superficially; uncritically

    English-Russian base dictionary > perfunctorily

  • 3 sketchily

    Синонимический ряд:
    1. partly (adj.) fractionally; in part; incompletely; insufficiently; meagerly; partially; partly; slightly; somewhat
    2. superficially (other) cursorily; perfunctorily; shallowly; superficially; uncritically

    English-Russian base dictionary > sketchily

  • 4 uncritically

    Синонимический ряд:
    superficially (other) perfunctorily; shallowly; sketchily; superficially

    English-Russian base dictionary > uncritically

  • 5 Learning

       One mental function or activity improves others in so far as and because they are in part identical with it, because it contains elements common to them. Addition improves multiplication because multiplication is largely addition; knowledge of Latin gives increased ability to learn French because many of the facts learned in the one case are needed in the other. (Thorndike, 1906, p. 243)
        The Law of Effect is that: Of several responses made to the same situation, those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections with that situation weakened, so that, when it recurs, they will be less likely to recur. The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater the strengthening or weakening of the bond.
        The Law of Exercise is that: Any response to a situation will, other things being equal, be more strongly connected with the situation in proportion to the number of times it has been connected with that situation and to the average vigor and duration of the connections. (E. L. Thorndike, 1970, p. 244)
       The main objection to the prevailing [associationist] theory, which makes one kind of connection the basis of all learning, is not that it may be incorrect but that in the course of psychological research it has prevented an unbiased study of other kinds of learning. (Katona, 1940, pp. 4-5)
       I believe that learning by examples, learning by being told, learning by imitation, learning by reinforcement and other forms are much like one another. In the literature on learning there is frequently an unstated assumption that these various forms are fundamentally different. But I think the classical boundaries between the various kinds of learning will disappear once superficially different kinds of learning are understood in terms of processes that construct and manipulate descriptions. (Winston, 1975, p. 185)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Learning

  • 6 know

    1. I
    I am not guessing, I know это не догадки, я это точно знаю; as far as I know насколько мне известно /я знаю/; he may be a robber for all I know почем я знаю /откуда мне знать/, он может быть и грабитель; as everyone knows как [всем] известно; how do /should/ I know? откуда мне знать?; let me know дайте мне знать
    2. II
    know in some manner you know best тебе лучше знать || she knows better than to spend all her money at once она не настолько глупа, чтобы сразу истратить все свой деньги; god [only] knows why одному богу известно почему
    3. III
    1) know smth. know a foreign language (a lot of English, the facts of the case, one's business, one's profession, etc.) знать иностранный язык и т. д., he knows only English and French он знает только английский и французский, он владеет только английским языком и французским; know literature (poetry, the law, banking, etc.) разбираться в литературе и т. д., know a poem (one's lesson, one's part, smb.'s name, the way, the number, etc.) знать /помнить/ стихотворение и т. д.; know the area (the country, the place, etc.) знать данный район и т. д., ориентироваться в данной местности и т. д., know smb.'s faults (smb.'s habits, smb.'s character, smb.'s peculiarities, one's duties, etc.) знать чьи-л. недостатки и т. д., иметь представление о чьих-л. недостатках и т. д.; he knows more than he says он знает больше, чем говорит; certain things which you cannot but know некоторые обстоятельства, которых вы не можете не знать; he doesn't seem to know the value of time он, по-видимому, не умеет ценить время; he doesn't know his own mind он сам не знает, чего он хочет; don't I know it! мне ли этого не знать!
    2) know smth. know fear (misery, poverty and sorrow, life, etc.) испытать /познать/ страх и т. д., he knows no defeat он не знает поражений; he has never known trouble у него никогда не было неприятностей, ему неведомы неприятности; he has known better days он знавал /видел/ лучшие времена; his zeal knows no bounds его усердие не имеет границ
    3) know smb. know this man (this actress, the mayor, a very good lawyer, etc.) знать этого человека и т. д., быть знакомым с этим человеком и т. д.; I should like to know Mr. Hill я бы хотел познакомиться с мистером Хиллом; when I first knew him когда я впервые узнал его /познакомился с ним/; you two ought to know one another вы должны подружиться друг с другом
    4) know smb., smth. I didn't know you when you came forward я не узнал тебя, когда ты вышел вперед; he knows a good horse (a good drama, a good actor, etc.) он большей знаток лошадей и т. д.; he knows a good thing when he sees it он понимает толк в вещах
    4. IV
    1) know smth. in some manner know smth. positively (perfectly well, thoroughly, through and through, a little, insufficiently, superficially, officially, personally, intuitively, etc.) знать что-л. определенно и т. д., hardly /scarcely/ know smth. почти не иметь представления о чем-л.; when you get to know it better когда вы с этим получше познакомитесь
    2) know smb. in some manner know smb. intimately (personally, slightly, only casually, etc.) близко и т. д. знать кого-л., быть близко и т. д. знакомым с кем-л.; get /come/ to know smb. better узнать кого-л. лучше; it happened that they knew each other well оказалось, что они хорошо знали друг друга; know smb. for (at) some time have you known him long? вы его давно знаете?; вы давно с ним знакомы?
    3) know smb., smth. in some manner know smb., smth. easily (with difficulty, etc.) узнавать кого-л., что-л. сразу и т. д.; know smb., smth. at some time know smb., smth. at once (immediately, instantly, again, etc.) узнать кого-л., что-л. тотчас же и т. д.; know smb., smth. at some place you are just like your father, I'd know you anywhere ты очень похож на отца, я узнал бы тебя при встрече
    5. VII
    know smb. to be smth. know him to be a gentleman (her to be a liar, him to be a poet, this man to be one of their accomplices, etc.) знать его как порядочного человека и т. д., know him to be honest (the judge to be just, herself to be pretty, etc.) знать, что он честен / что он честный человек/ и т. д., know smb. do smth. know educated people make this mistake (a man die of love, etc.) знать случаи, когда и образованные люди делают такую ошибку и т. д.; I have never known him tell a lie я не припомню такого случая, чтобы он соврал; I have never known that man smile я никогда не видел, чтобы этот человек улыбался
    6. XI
    be known wait until all the facts in the case are known подождите, пока [не] станут известны /[не] выяснятся/ все обстоятельства дела; everything gets known все выходит наружу, утаить ничего нельзя; I don't want it known я не хочу, чтобы это получило огласку; be known in some manner this is well (widely, generally, etc.) known это хорошо и т. д. известно; the name is little known here это имя здесь мало кто знает; be known to smb. he is known to the police он у полиции на заметке; be known as smb. he is known as a successful architect его считают преуспевающим архитектором; be known to be smb. he is known to be a good fellow говорят, что он хороший малый; be known to have some quality he is known to be generous (to be obstinate, etc.) он прославился своей щедростью и т. д.; be known to do smth. he had never been known to laugh никто никогда не видел, чтобы он смеялся, его смеха никто никогда не слышал
    7. XIII
    know how to do smth. know how to make cakes (how to play chess, how to manage a horse, how to drive a car, how to read, how to write, how to speak, etc.) уметь печь пироги и т. д., do you know how to go there alone? ты один найдешь туда дорогу?; know what (whether) to do I don't know what to say я не знаю, что сказать; I don't know whether to go or not я не знаю know идти или нет
    8. XVI
    know about /of/ smb., smth. know about the man (of his presence, about the trouble, about the matter, of the engagement, etc.) знать об этом человеке и т. д.; I know about it я в курсе дела; I'll let you know about it later on я тебе сообщу /дам знать/ об этом позже; how did they come to know of it? каким образом это стало им известно?; this is the best method I know of это лучший из известных мне методов; has Smith been ill? - Not that I know of Смит болел? - Насколько я знаю /мне известно/ - нет; know of a good watchmaker ( of any good doctor near here, of any teacher who would suit me, etc.) знать хорошего часовщика и т. д.
    9. XVIII
    || make oneself known представиться кому-л.; why don't you make yourself known to him? a) почему бы тебе не познакомиться с ним?; б) почему бы тебе не открыться ему?
    10. XXI1
    1) know smth. about /of/ smth., smb. know everything ( all, most, a little, etc.) about /of/ smth., smb. знать все и т. д. о чем-л., о ком-л.; I know nothing about him у меня нет никаких сведений о нем; do you know anything about astronomy? вы что-нибудь понимаете в астрономии?; know smth. from /by/ smth. know smth. from history знать что-л. из истории; know smth. by /from/ experience знать что-л. по опыту; know smb. by smth. know smb. by name (by reputation, by his articles, etc.) знать кого-л. по имени и т. д.; do you know him by sight? вы его знаете в лицо?; know smth. against smb. know some facts against him иметь кое-какие факты, говорящие против него || know smth. by heart знать что-л. наизусть; know smth. for a fact знать точно что-л.
    2) know smb. by (from, at, etc.) smth. know one's brother by his voice (the man by the scar, him by his walk, a policeman by the clothes he wears, etc.) узнать своего брата по голосу и т. д.; I knew him from the photograph я его узнал по фотографии; she knew him at a distance она узнала /признала/ его издалека; know smb., smth. from smb., smth. know a friend from a foe (a fool from a wise man, the one from the other, the swallow from a house martin, right from wrong, good from evil, one tune from another, etc.) отличать друга от врага и т. д., you wouldn't know him from an Englishman его не отличишь от настоящего англичанина; know smb. for smb. know him for an American (for a German, for a sportsman, etc.) узнавать в нем американца и т. д.; I wonder how you were able to know him for a doctor удивляюсь, как вам удалось определить, что он врач
    11. XXIV1
    know smb. as smb. know smb. as a great lawyer (as a man of ability, as a poor man, etc.) знать кого-л. как крупного юриста и т. д.
    12. XXV
    know that... (where..., who..., etc.) know that you were coming today (that you are busy, (that) you would help me if you could, (that) it is going to rain, (that) he was here, where he was, who did it, who Napoleon was, who's who on the screen, what he is talking about, etc.) знать, что вы сегодня приезжаете и т. д.; know what's what знать, что к чему; you know how it is знаешь, как это бывает; I don't know that he understands much about it не думаю /сомневаюсь/, чтобы он в этом что-л. понимал; heaven knows when I shall be back кто его знает, когда я вернусь; let me know if you change your mind если передумаете, дайте мне знать /сообщите мне/; there is no knowing what it may lead to (how she will act, when we shall meet again, etc.) нельзя сказать, к чему это может привести и т. д.
    13. XXVI
    know smb. since I've known her since I was a child я знаю ее с детства

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > know

  • 7 dip

    dip
    1. past tense, past participle - dipped; verb
    1) (to lower into any liquid for a moment: He dipped his bread in the soup.) mojar
    2) (to slope downwards: The road dipped just beyond the crossroads.) descender, bajar
    3) (to lower the beam of (car headlights): He dipped his lights as the other car approached.) bajar
    4) ((of a ship) to lower (a flag) briefly in salute.) bajar bandera

    2. noun
    1) (a hollow (in a road etc): The car was hidden by a dip in the road.) depresión, hondonada
    2) (a soft, savoury mixture in which a biscuit etc can be dipped: a cheese dip.) salsa
    3) (a short swim: a dip in the sea.) chapuzón
    •
    dip vb meter / mojar / bañar
    tr[dɪp]
    1 (downward slope) declive nombre masculino, pendiente nombre femenino; (in ground) depresión nombre femenino, hondonada; (drop - in prices, temperature, sales, production, profits) caída, descenso
    3 (for sheep) baño desinfectante; (for cleaning silver) baño
    4 SMALLCOOKERY/SMALL (sauce) salsa
    1 (put into liquid - pen, brush, bread) mojar; (- hand, spoon) meter
    2 (sheep) desinfectar
    3 (lower - head) agachar, bajar
    1 (slope down) descender, bajar; (move down - bird, plane) bajar en picado; (- sun) desaparecer; (drop - sales, prices, etc) bajar
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to dip the headlights SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL poner las luces de cruce, poner las cortas
    dip ['dɪp] v, dipped ; dipping vt
    1) dunk, plunge: sumergir, mojar, meter
    2) ladle: servir con cucharón
    3) lower: bajar, arriar (una bandera)
    dip vi
    1) descend, drop: bajar en picada, descender
    2) slope: bajar, inclinarse
    dip n
    1) swim: chapuzón m
    2) drop: descenso m, caída f
    3) slope: cuesta f, declive m
    4) sauce: salsa f
    n.
    • baño corto s.m.
    • depresión s.f.
    • flecha s.f.
    • inclinación s.f.
    • inmersión s.f.
    • pendiente s.m.
    • zambullida s.f.
    v.
    • ahondar v.
    • hocicar v.
    • mojar v.
    • sumergir v.

    I
    1. dɪp
    - pp- transitive verb
    1)

    to dip something IN(TO) something — meter algo en algo; ( into liquid) mojar algo en algo

    dip it in flour — páselo por harina, enharínelo

    2) ( Agr) \<\<sheep\>\> desinfectar ( haciendo pasar por un baño)
    3)
    a) ( lower) \<\<head\>\> agachar, bajar
    b) (BrE Auto)

    to dip one's headlights — poner* las (luces) cortas or de cruce or (AmL tb) las (luces) bajas


    2.
    vi
    a) ( decrease) \<\<sales/prices\>\> bajar
    b) ( move downward) \<\<aircraft/bird\>\> bajar en picada or (Esp) en picado

    the sun dipped below the horizon — (liter) el sol desapareció or se escondió tras el horizonte

    c) ( slope) \<\<land\>\> descender*, bajar
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    1) ( swim) (colloq) (no pl) chapuzón m (fam)

    to take a dip — darse* un chapuzón (fam)

    2) ( Agr) baño m desinfectante
    3) (depression, hollow) hondonada f
    4) (in sales, production) caída f, descenso m
    [dɪp]
    1. N
    1) (=swim) baño m, chapuzón m, zambullida f (LAm)
    2) (=slope) declive m, pendiente f ; (=hollow) hondonada f, depresión f
    3) (Geol) [of rock strata, fault] inclinación f

    angle of dip — buzamiento m, angulo m de inclinación

    magnetic dip — inclinación f (magnética)

    4) (Culin) salsa f (para mojar)
    5) (Agr) (for sheep, poultry) baño m de desinfección; see lucky 2.
    2. VT
    1) (=thrust) (into liquid) sumergir, bañar (in, into en); [+ pen] mojar (in, into en); [+ hand] (into bag) meter (in, into en); [+ ladle, scoop] meter (in, into en); [+ sheep] bañar con desinfectante
    2) (=lower) [+ flag] bajar, saludar con; (Aer) [+ wings] saludar con

    to dip one's (head)lights — (Brit) poner las luces cortas or de cruce, poner las luces bajas (LAm)

    dipped headlights — luces fpl cortas or de cruce, luces fpl bajas (LAm)

    3. VI
    1) (=slope down) [road] bajar en pendiente; [land] formar una hondonada
    2) (=move down) [bird, plane] bajar en picado; [temperature] bajar; [sun] esconderse
    3) (=draw on)

    to dip into one's savings — (fig) echar mano de los ahorros

    4) (=read superficially)
    4.
    CPD

    dip switch N — (Aut) interruptor m de las luces cortas or de cruce, interruptor m de las luces bajas (LAm)

    * * *

    I
    1. [dɪp]
    - pp- transitive verb
    1)

    to dip something IN(TO) something — meter algo en algo; ( into liquid) mojar algo en algo

    dip it in flour — páselo por harina, enharínelo

    2) ( Agr) \<\<sheep\>\> desinfectar ( haciendo pasar por un baño)
    3)
    a) ( lower) \<\<head\>\> agachar, bajar
    b) (BrE Auto)

    to dip one's headlights — poner* las (luces) cortas or de cruce or (AmL tb) las (luces) bajas


    2.
    vi
    a) ( decrease) \<\<sales/prices\>\> bajar
    b) ( move downward) \<\<aircraft/bird\>\> bajar en picada or (Esp) en picado

    the sun dipped below the horizon — (liter) el sol desapareció or se escondió tras el horizonte

    c) ( slope) \<\<land\>\> descender*, bajar
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    1) ( swim) (colloq) (no pl) chapuzón m (fam)

    to take a dip — darse* un chapuzón (fam)

    2) ( Agr) baño m desinfectante
    3) (depression, hollow) hondonada f
    4) (in sales, production) caída f, descenso m

    English-spanish dictionary > dip

  • 8 externally

    1. adv наружно, внешне
    2. adv извне, снаружи
    3. adv для вида, напоказ; для формы, не по существу
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. outwardly (adj.) apparently; in appearance; on the surface; outwardly; superficially
    2. exteriorly (other) exteriorly; outwardly; overly

    English-Russian base dictionary > externally

  • 9 ostensibly

    adv якобы; по видимости

    ostensibly studying his history — делая вид, что занимается историей

    Синонимический ряд:
    apparently (other) apparently; evidently; officially; on the face of it; outwardly; palpably; professedly; seemingly; superficially; to the eye; visibly

    English-Russian base dictionary > ostensibly

  • 10 outwardly

    1. adv наружу, вовне
    2. adv внешне; снаружи, на вид
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. externally (adj.) apparently; externally; in appearance; on the surface; superficially
    2. apparently (other) apparently; evidently; officially; on the face of it; ostensibly; palpably; professedly; seemingly; to the eye; visibly

    English-Russian base dictionary > outwardly

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